公司网址:www.www.wagawa.com
厂家服务热线:0903-6682528
全国服务热线:400-966-8288
公司地址:新疆和田洛浦县杭桂路232号
德赢vwin登录 资源丰富、产量大、苯乙醇苷类成分含量高,其寄主柽柳在我国东部盐碱地区分布广泛,为德赢vwin登录 在盐碱地种植提供了条件。研究人员陆续将德赢vwin登录 引种到河北、北京、山东等地,优化栽培技术攻克了东部地区易腐烂的问题[66 - 68]。在这些地区种植德赢vwin登录 面临的主要问题是涝害和冻害导致的腐烂,经过多年的栽培技术研究,通过起垄覆膜、大棚设施栽培、提高土壤孔隙度、降低土壤含水率、改善土壤透气性,有效减少了华北平原因水分含量高、土壤透气性差引起的生长缓慢甚至腐烂的问题[66, 69]。为解决冬季气温低导致的德赢vwin登录 腐烂问题,利用挖保温沟的方法,建立了防控德赢vwin登录 遭受冻害的栽培技术,有效解决了肉苁蓉在东部盐碱地种植不能越冬的问题[70]。种植耐盐作物是有效利用盐碱地的重要途径。柽柳作为盐碱地的先锋植物,在改良盐碱地方面具有很大优势。盐碱地种植柽柳能有效降低土壤全盐含量、疏松土壤、改善土壤肥力,对盐碱地具有显著的生物改良作用[71]。将德赢vwin登录 引入黄河三角洲地区开展人工栽培,德赢vwin登录 能在该地区正常生长、开花、结实,完成其生活史。该地区生产的德赢vwin登录 指标成分松果菊苷和毛蕊花糖苷含量完全符合药典要求[72]。充分利用黄河三角洲地区丰富的柽柳资源,在保护原有盐碱地生态的基础上,发展德赢vwin登录 种植,实现生态效益和经济效益双丰收,为黄河三角洲盐碱地生态高效利用提供了新思路。
4 肉苁蓉产品开发与产业发展现状
随着人民生活水平的提高,肉苁蓉应用于各种保健品的开发,临床上以肉苁蓉为主药的药物制剂也日益增多。日本将肉苁蓉用于改善和治疗性机能障碍、健忘症、心身疾病等。美国将松果菊苷制成保健品,用来提高人体免疫力。我国新疆地区自古以来有食用肉苁蓉的传统,如民众常用肉苁蓉切片泡酒、添加肉苁蓉粉制作面食等。研制生产出用于补血益肾、抗疲劳功能的保健产品,如帝辰牌康咖片、疆芸牌苁蓉劲片等产品。在药物上则有用于治疗老年痴呆症的苁蓉总苷胶囊或制备中药复方苁蓉精纳米微粉制剂等[73 - 75]。我国已经在临床上用肉苁蓉治疗老年慢性便秘和消除子宫肌瘤。肉苁蓉运动保健饮料正处在动物试验阶段。以松果菊苷为主成分的脑清智明片也获批临床试验[76]。这些新产品的开发将为肉苁蓉打开消费市场创造更多的机会。目前关于肉苁蓉产品的致毒性和安全性评价报道还不多,但仅有的几项研究均证明肉苁蓉可靠的安全性。荒漠肉苁蓉粉做成的一种新型食品
喂饲大鼠并进行毒理学评估,没有发现其毒性和不良反应[77]。通过体外和体内试验评估肉苁蓉总苷胶囊Memoregain 的遗传毒性和口服毒性,均未发现明显的不良反应,证明其治疗阿尔茨海默病的有效性和安全性[74, 77]。这些毒理学评估支持肉苁蓉对人类食用的安全性。目前,肉苁蓉作为药食同源物质的申请工作正在进行,有望通过国家卫生健康委员会的药食同源物质的增补。总体来说,市场上肉苁蓉相关产品较少,公众可选择范围较为狭窄,这与日渐充足的药材供给和日益增加的公众需求不符。新疆和田地区自发展人工种植德赢vwin登录 产业以来,产量快速上升,但近几年德赢vwin登录 价格却一路下滑[78],根本原因就是产品选择面太窄,与日益增加的公众需求矛盾。因此,肉苁蓉相关产品的开发、市场的开拓、相关政策的引导,以及中医药科学的发展,都是肉苁蓉产业发展的重要决定因素。
5 总结与展望
近年来对肉苁蓉的人工种植、化学成分及药理研究都取得了较好的进展,但在药品、保健品、食品等领域中的开发还较为欠缺。对肉苁蓉提取物及各类成分仍需进行更广泛、更深入的药理作用研究,遴选新的生物活性物质,为产品开发提供材料基础和科学支撑; 同时继续开展保健品、功能性食品、化妆品方面的应用研究,进行产品的精深加工,丰富产品种类,开拓下游市场,为肉苁蓉的规模化种植打通产业链。继续加强肉苁蓉的食品和药品安全性研究,阐明肉苁蓉保健品在长期使用下的安全性问题等。
肉苁蓉栽培与治沙产业相结合的模式在西部地区获得成功,但在盐碱地利用方面的探索还处于初级阶段。黄河三角洲盐碱地区具有丰富的柽柳资源,尚未得到充分利用。立足保护盐碱地生态环境,营造肉苁蓉柽柳林,创新盐碱地高效生态利用新模式,对黄河三角洲盐碱地综合利用和治理具有重要意义。
参考文献:
[1] Huang L F,Fu J,Chen S L. Academic study on ecological variationof traditional Chinese medicinal materials [J]. ChineseTraditional & Herbal Drugs,2012,43( 7) : 1249 - 1258.
[2] Kobayashi H,Oguchi H,Takizawa N, et al. New phenylethanoidglycosides from Cistanche tubulosa ( SCHRENK) HOOK. f. I[J]. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1987,35 ( 8 ) :3309 - 3314.
[3] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1988.
[4] 国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典[S]. 一部. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社,2010: 216.
[5] Jiang Y,Li S P,Wang Y T,et al. Differentiation of herbaCistanches by fingerprint with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal
of Chromatography A,2009,1216( 11) : 2156 - 2162.
[6] Cai R L,Yang M H,Shi Y, et al. Antifatigue activity of phenylethanoid-rich extract from Cistanche deserticola[J]. PhytotherapyResearch,2010,24( 2) : 313 - 315.
[7] 张烜,李鑫,热娜·卡斯木,等. RP - HPLC 法测定不同寄主和不同产地肉苁蓉中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷的含量[J]. 药物分析杂志,2003,23( 4) : 254 - 256.
[8] Song Y L,Song Q Q,Li J, et al. An integrated strategy to quantitativelydifferentiate chemome between Cistanche deserticolaand C. tubulosa using high performance liquid chromatographyhybrid
triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2016,1429: 238 - 247.
[9] Zheng S H, Jiang X,Wu L B, et al. Chemical and genetic discriminationof Cistanches Herba based on UPLC-QTOF /MS andDNA barcoding [J]. PLoS ONE,2014,9( 5) : e98061.
[10] Wang Y,Zhang L,Du Z X, et al. Chemical diversity and predictionof potential cultivation areas of Cistanche Herbs [J].Sci. Rep. ,2019,9( 1) : 19737.
[11] Sun X,Li L,Pei J,et al. Metabolome and transcriptome profilingreveals quality variation and underlying regulation of threeecotypes for Cistanche deserticola[J]. Plant Mol. Biol. ,2020,
102( 3) : 253 - 269.
[12] 杨太新,杜艳华,刘金娜,等. 华北平原德赢vwin登录 中多糖的含量分析[J]. 时珍国医国药,2013,24( 5) : 1149 - 1150.
[13] 郭雄飞,吴亚东,倪慧,等. 德赢vwin登录 不同部位中苯乙醇总苷含量的测定[J]. 新疆中医药,2011,29( 4) : 52 - 54.
[14] Fu Z F,Fan X,Wang X Y, et al. Cistanches Herba: an overviewof its chemistry,pharmacology,and pharmacokinetics property[J]. J. Ethnopharmacol. ,2018,219( 12) : 233 - 247.
[15] Xiong Q B,Kadota S,Tani T, et al. Antioxidative effects of phenylethanoidsfrom Cistanche deserticola[J]. Biological & PharmaceuticalBulletin,1996,19( 12) : 1580 - 1585.
[16] 宋小敏,廖理曦,董馨,等. 毛蕊花糖苷抑制脂多糖诱导的BV - 2 小胶质细胞炎症反应及机制研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2016( 13) : 2506 - 2510.
[17] Nan Z D,Zhao M B,Zeng K W,et al. Anti-inflammatory iridoidsfrom the stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in TarimDesert [J]. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines,2016,14( 1) : 61 - 65.
[18] Nan Z D,Zeng K W,Shi S P,et al. Phenylethanoid glycosideswith anti-inflammatory activities from the stems of Cistanche deserticolacultured in Tarim Desert [J]. Fitoterapia,2013,89:167 - 174.
[19] Zhang H,Xiang Z,Duan X, et al. Antitumor and anti-inflammatoryeffects of oligosaccharides from Cistanche deserticola extracton spinal cord injury [J]. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. ,2019,124:360 - 367.
[20] Zhang K,Ma X,He W J, et al. Extracts of Cistanche deserticolacan antagonize immunosenescence and extend life span in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8( SAM-P8) mice [J]. Evid.
Based Complement. Alternat. Med. ,2014( 2) : 601383.
[21] Dong Q,Yao J,Fang J N,et al. Structural characterization andimmunological activity of two cold-water extractable polysaccharidesfrom Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma [J]. Carbohydr.
Res. ,2007,342( 10) : 1343 - 1349.
[22] Lin W Y,Yao C,Cheng J, et al. Molecular pathways related tothe longevity promotion and cognitive improvement of Cistanchetubulosa in Drosophila[J]. Phytomedicine,2017,26: 37 - 44.
[23] 玄国东,刘春泉. 肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对D - 半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用研究[J]. 中药材,2008( 9) : 93 - 96.
[24] 张洪泉,翁晓静,陈莉莉,等. 德赢vwin登录 麦角甾苷对衰老小鼠端粒酶活性和免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2008,22( 4) : 270 - 273.
[25] 张洪泉,李媛,宋媛媛. 肉苁蓉多糖对衰老小鼠免疫细胞和端粒酶活性的影响[J]. 中国药学杂志,2011,46( 14) : 1081 -1083.
[26] 皋聪,王传社,巫冠中,等. 苁蓉总苷对小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响[J]. 中药新药与临床药理,2005,16( 3) : 162 - 164.
[27] Lin J,Li G,Huo S X, et al. Effect of acteoside on learning andmemory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice [J]. ChinaJournal of Chinese Materia Medica,2012,37( 19) : 2956 -2959.
[28] Wang D F,Wang H Z,Gu L. The antidepressant and cognitiveimprovement activities of the traditional Chinese herb Cistanche[J]. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. ,2017,2017:
3925903.
[29] Choi J G,Moon M, Jeong H U, et al. Cistanches Herba enhanceslearning and memory by inducing nerve growth factor [J]. BehaviouralBrain Research,2011,216( 2) : 652 - 658.
[30] 王竞康,王丽超,姜勇,等. 德赢vwin登录 醇提取物对缺氧/缺糖再灌注所致神经细胞损伤的保护作用及机制研究[J].中国中药杂志,2019,44( 13) : 36 - 40.
[31] 邓敏,鞠晓东,屠鹏飞,等. 管花苷B 对抗H202 诱导的PCI2细胞凋亡[J]. 中国病理生理杂志,2008,24 ( 9) : 1816 -1821.
[32] 丁慧,陈虹,姜勇,等. 松果菊苷对阿尔采末病大鼠海马、皮质内神经递质水平的影响[J]. 中国药理学通报,2014,30( 11) : 1564 - 1569.
[33] Peng X M,Gao L,Huo S X,et al. The mechanism of memoryenhancement of acteoside ( verbascoside ) in the senescentmouse model induced by a combination of D-gal and AlCl3[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2015,29( 8) : 1137 - 1144.
[34] Gao L,Peng X M,Huo S X, et al. Memory enhancement of acteoside(verbascoside) in a senescent mice model induced by acombination of D-gal and AlCl3[J]. Phytother. Res. ,2015,29
( 8) : 1131 - 1136.
[35] Wu C W,Lin H C,Su M H. Reversal by aqueous extracts ofCistanche tubulosa from behavioral deficits in Alzheimer’s disease-like rat model: relevance for amyloid deposition and central
neurotransmitter function [J]. BMC Complement. Altern.Med. ,2014,26( 14) : 1 - 11.
[36] Song D Z,Cao Z,Liu Z B,et al. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharideattenuates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via inhibitingRANKL signaling and reactive oxygen species production
[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology,2018,233 ( 12 ) : 9674 -9684.
[37] Liang H D,Yu F,Tong Z H, et al. Effect of Cistanches Herba aqueousextract on bone loss in ovariectomized rat [J]. Int. J.Mol. Sci. ,2011,12( 8) : 5060 - 5069.
[38] Zhang B,Yang L L,Ding S Q, et al. Anti-osteoporotic activity ofan edible traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche deserticola onbone metabolism of ovariectomized rats through RANKL /
RANK/TRAF6-mediated signaling pathways [J]. Front. Pharmacol.,2019,26( 10) : 1412.
[39] Yang L L,Ding S Q,Zhang B,et al. Beneficial effects of totalphenylethanoid glycoside fraction isolated from Cistanche deserticolaon bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats [J]. Oxid.
Med. Cell Longev. ,2019: 2370862.
[40] Wu Y,Li L,Wen T, et al. Protective effects of echinacoside oncarbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats[J]. Toxicology,2007,232( 1 /2) : 50 - 56.
[41] 罗慧英,黄亚红,朱丽娟. 肉苁蓉总苷对四氯化碳损伤小鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响[J]. 甘肃中医药大学学报,2014,31( 4) : 4 - 6.
[42] Luo H Y,Li J,Wang L J, et al. Protective activities of CistanosideA on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice[J]. Latin AmericanJournal of Pharmacy,2012,31( 3) : 407 - 413.
[43] Luo H Y,Cao R R,Wang L J, et al. Protective effect of CistanchisA on ethanol-induced damage in primary cultured mousehepatocytes [J]. Biomed. Pharmacother. ,2016,83: 1071 -
1079.
[44] Guo Y H,Cao L L,Zhao Q S,et al. Preliminary characterizations,antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharidefrom Cistanche deserticola [J]. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. ,2016,93( Pt A) : 678 - 685.
[45] 郭元亨,曹丽丽,赵兵,等. 荒漠肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对酒精诱导的慢性肝损伤的修复作用[J]. 食品科学,2018,39 ( 13) :176 - 183.
[46] Leung H Y,Ko K M. Herba Cistanche extract enhances mitochondrialATP generation 11 in rat hearts and H9c2 cells [J].Pharmaceutical Biology,2008,46: 418 - 424.
[47] Yu Q,Li X,Cao X. Cardioprotective effects of phenylethanoidglycoside-rich extract from Cistanche deserticola in ischemiareperfusion-induced myocardial infarction in rats [J]. Ann.
Vasc. Surg. ,2016,34: 234 - 242.
[48] Shimoda H,Tanaka J,Takahara Y,et al. The hypocholesterolemiceffects of Cistanche tubulosa extract,a Chinese traditionalcrude medicine, in mice [J]. Am. J. Chin. Med. ,2009,37
( 6) : 1125 - 1138.
[49] 范亚楠,黄玉秋,贾天柱,等. 肉苁蓉炮制前后对便秘大鼠的通便作用[J]. 中成药,2016( 12) : 2684 - 2687.
[50] Zeng H,Huang L L,Zhou L S,et al. A galactoglucan isolatedfrom of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma and its bioactivity on intestinalbacteria strains [J]. Carbohydr. Polym. ,2019,223:
115038.
[51] Jia Y M,Guang Q N,Guo Y H, et al. Reduction of inflammatoryhyperplasia in the intestine in colon cancer-prone mice by water-extract of Cistanche deserticola [J]. Phytother. Res. ,2012,26( 6) : 812 - 819.
[52] 杨胜杰,刘明川,杨进平,等. 德赢vwin登录 提取物通便作用的实验研究[J]. 北方药学,2019( 8) : 128 - 130.
[53] Wang T,Chen C,Yang M, et al. Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extractmediates rat sex hormone levels by induction of testicularsteroidgenic enzymes [J]. Pharm. Biol. ,2016,54 ( 3) : 481 -
487.
[54] Gu L,Xiong W T,Zhuang Y L, et al. Effects of Cistanche deserticolaextract on penis erectile response in castrated rats [J].Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. ,2016,29( 2) : 557 - 562.
[55] Gu L,Xiong W T,Wang C, et al. Cistanche deserticola decoctionalleviates the testicular toxicity induced by hydroxyurea in malemice [J]. Asian J. Androl. ,2013,15( 6) : 838 - 840.
[56] 闫磊,胡江平,孙晓冬,等. 肉苁蓉多糖对D - 半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗疲劳作用及机制研究[J]. 河北中医,2019,41( 1) :97 - 101.
[57] 陈虞超,张丽,巩檑,等. 德赢vwin登录 人工控制寄生技术研究[J]. 时珍国医国药,2017,28( 10) : 2507 - 2510.
[58] 陈虞超,张丽,巩檑,等. 肉苁蓉人工控制寄生关键技术研究[J]. 时珍国医国药,2015,26( 9) : 2230 - 2232.
[59] 崔旭盛,杜友,冯坚冰,等. 新疆和田地区德赢vwin登录 生产技术标准操作规程( SOP) [J]. 中国现代中药,2012,14( 6) : 35 - 38.
[60] 陈庆亮,武志博,郭玉海,等. 荒漠肉苁蓉及其寄主梭梭栽培技术[J]. 中国现代中药,2015,17( 4) : 359 - 368.
[61] 屠鹏飞,陈庆亮,姜勇,等. 德赢vwin登录 及其寄主柽柳栽培技术[J]. 中国现代中药,2015,17( 4) : 349 - 358.
[62] 范敬龙,李丙文,徐新文,等. 基于植物防沙工程的沙产业技术进展———以肉苁蓉种植产业为例[J]. 中国科学院院刊,2020: 717 - 723.
[63] 徐业勇,郭泉水,古丽巴哈尔,等. 德赢vwin登录 资源、贸易与人工培植的调查与分析[J]. 中国野生植物资源,2013,32( 2) : 47 - 50.
[64] 赵云山,李紫岩,那木汗,等. 内蒙古地区中蒙药药材生态种植现状分析及建议[J]. 中国现代中药,2017,19( 7) : 901 -906.
[65] 屠鹏飞,姜勇,郭玉海,等. 发展肉苁蓉生态产业推进西部荒漠地区生态文明[J]. 中国现代中药,2015,17( 4) : 297 -301.
[66] 郭玉海,翟志席,杨太新,等. 华北平原德赢vwin登录 起垄—覆膜栽培技术研究[C]∥中国作物学会学术年会论文集,2005.
[67] 杨太新,王华磊,王长林,等. 华北平原德赢vwin登录 引种试验研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报,2005,10( 1) : 27 - 29.
[68] 王运涛,王兴军. 山东省东营柽柳接种德赢vwin登录 获得成功[J]. 山东农业科学,2015,47( 8) : 163.
[69] 王宏国,杜友,崔旭盛,等. 大棚设施栽培对德赢vwin登录 接种及生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2012,28 ( 34) : 279 -283.
[70] 王运涛,王兴军. 一种防控德赢vwin登录 冻害的方法:ZL201510497912. 9[P]. 2020 - 6 - 19.
[71] 肖克飚,吴普特,雷金银,等. 不同类型耐盐植物对盐碱土生物改良研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2012,31( 12) : 2433 -2440.
[72] 侯蕾,王运涛,范仲学,等. 黄河三角洲野生柽柳接种德赢vwin登录 研究[J]. 中国现代中药,2018,20( 4) : 437 - 440.
[73] 贾晓光,倪慧,张娟,等. 德赢vwin登录 研究及产业发展现状[J]. 新疆医科大学学报,2012,35( 7) : 878 - 880.
[74] Guo Q H,Zhou Y,Wang C J, et al. An open-label,nonplacebocontrolledstudy on Cistanche tubulosa glycoside capsules( Memoregain ) for treating moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
[J]. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias,2013,28( 4) : 363 - 370.
[75] 范雯,曾建伟,陈发兴,等. 中药复方苁蓉精纳米微粉制剂的制备及其活性成分分析[J]. 时珍国医国药,2016,27( 11) :100 - 103.
[76] 星学军,刁治民,许正泽. 药用植物肉苁蓉生物学特性及应用价值[J]. 青海草业,2018,27( 2) : 17 - 20,29.
[77] Gao Y Q,Qin G Q,Wen P J,et al. Safety assessment of powderedCistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma by a 90-day feeding testin Sprague-Dawley rats [J]. Drug Chem. Toxicol. ,2017,40
( 4) : 383 - 389.
[78] Liao P L,Li C H,Tse L S,et al. Safety assessment of theCistanche tubulosa health food product Memoregain : genotoxicityand 28-day repeated dose toxicity test [J]. Food Chem.Toxicol. ,2018,118: 581 - 588.
公司:win德赢官方
地址:新疆和田洛浦县杭桂路232号
公司网址:www.www.wagawa.com
厂家服务热线:0903-6682528
全国服务热线:400-966-8288